SURREALISM

General Overview

Surrealism began as a philosophical movement that said the way to find truth in the world was through the subconscious mind and dreams, rather than through logical thought. The movement included many artists, poets, and writers who expressed their theories in their work.

When was the Surrealism movement?

The movement began in the mid-1920s in France and was born out of an earlier movement called Dadaism from Switzerland. It reached its peak in the 1930s.

What are the characteristics of Surrealism?

Surrealism images explored the subconscious areas of the mind. The artwork often made little sense as it was usually trying to depict a dream or random thoughts.

Examples of Surrealism Art

The Song of Love (Giorgio de Chirico)

This painting is one of the earliest examples of Surrealist art. It was painted by de Chirico in 1914, before the movement really began. It combines a number of unrelated objects such as the green ball, giant rubber glove, and the head of a Greek statue. De Chirico was trying to explain his feelings for the ridiculousness of World War I through this painting. You can see this painting here.

The Persistence of Memory (Salvador Dali)

Perhaps the most famous of all the great Surrealist paintings, the Persistence of Memory is known for the melting watches as well as the clarity of the art. The painting gives you sense that you are dreaming and that time is irrelevant. You can see this painting here.

The Son of Man (Rene Magritte)

The Son of Man is a self-portrait of Rene Magritte. However, we can't see his face as it's covered by an apple. The painting shows a man in a bowler hat standing in front of a wall by the ocean. The sky is cloudy and, oddly enough, the man's face is obscured by the apple. If you look close enough, though, you can see the man's eyes. So perhaps he can see you. You can see this painting here.

Famous Surrealism Artists

• Giorgio de Chirico - In many ways this Italian artist was the first of the Surrealist painters. He founded the school of Metaphysical Art which influenced the Surrealist artists of the future.
• Salvador Dali - Considered by many to be the greatest of the Surrealist painters, Salvador Dali was a Spanish artist who embraced the idea and art of Surrealism.
• Max Ernst - A German painter who was part of the Dadaist movement and then joined the Surrealists.
• Alberto Giacometti - A French sculptor who was the leading sculptor of the Surrealist movement. He is most known fo forr his Walking Man sculpture which sold for over $104 million.
• Marcel Duchamp - A French artist who became involved in both the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. He was also associated with Cubism.
• Paul Klee - A Swiss painter who mixed Surrealism with Expressionism. His most famous paintings include Around the Fish, Red Balloon, and Twittering Machine.
• Rene Magritte - Magritte was a Belgian artist who liked to challenge people's ideas on what they should see through his Surrealist paintings. Some of his famous works include The Son of Man, The Treachery of Images, and The Human Condition.
• Joan Miro - Joan was a Spanish painter who was known for his Surrealist paintings as well as his own style and abstract artwork.
• Yves Tanguy - Yves was a French Surrealist known for his abstract landscapes that used a limited number of colors.

Interesting Facts about Surrealism

• The Surrealist movement was started by French Poet Andre Breton who wrote The Surrealist Manifesto in 1924.
• Some artists today consider themselves Surrealists.
• Surrealism means "above realism". Dadaism didn't mean anything. "Dada" was supposed to be a nonsense word.
• The founder of the movement, Andre Breton, originally thought that the visual arts, such as painting and film, wouldn't be useful to the Surrealist movement.
• Many artists, such as Salvador Dali, also made Surrealist films.

Work cited :- 

1) https://www.ducksters.com/history/art/surrealism.php

2) https://youtu.be/wtPBOwE0Qn0

EXPRESSIONISM

General Overview

The Expressionist movement started in Germany. These artists wanted to paint about emotion. It could be anger, anxiety, fear, or peacefulness. This wasn't a completely new idea in art. Other artists like Vincent van Gogh had been doing the same thing. However, this was the first time this type of art had been given a name.

When was the Expressionism movement?

The Expressionist movement occurred during the early part of the 1900s.

What are the characteristics of Expressionism?

Expressionist art tried to convey emotion and meaning rather than reality. Each artist had their own unique way of "expressing" their emotions in their art. In order to express emotion, the subjects are often distorted or exaggerated. At the same time colors are often vivid and shocking.

Examples of Expressionist Art

The Scream (Edvard Munch)

This painting shows a man standing on a bridge. His hands are on his face and he is screaming. The sky behind him is red and swirling. The picture expresses the emotion of a person alone in their anguish and anxiety. Munch made four versions of this picture. One of them sold for over $119 million in 2012.

The Scream
(Click image to see larger version)

The Large Red Horses (Franz Marc)

The Large Red Horses uses color and movement to express the energy and power of nature. Franz Marc often used colors to represent certain emotions; blue meant spirituality, yellow femininity, and red power and violence. He also painted a lot of pictures of horses and other animals.

The Large Red Horses
(Click image to see larger version)

Lady in a Green Jacket (August Macke)

In this painting a lady is standing in the foreground wearing a dark green jacket. She is looking sort of down and to the side. There are two couples in the background walking away from her. You get the feeling that maybe she is lonely or has lost someone recently. One of the ladies in the background has turned to look back at her, perhaps feeling sorry for her.

Lady in a Green Jacket
(Click image to see larger version)

Famous Expressionist Artists

• Max Beckman - Beckman was a German painter who was against the Expressionist movement. However, many of his paintings are described as Expressionist.
• James Ensor - A Dutch painter who had great influence on the Expressionist movement in Germany.
• Oskar Kokoschka - An Austrian artist whose artwork was displayed in the German magazine The Storm when Expressionism became a true art movement.
• August Macke - A leading member of the Expressionist group The Blue Rider in Germany, he also painted some Abstract Art.
• Franz Marc - A founding member of The Blue Rider group, Franz Marc was one of the leaders in the Expressionist movement.
• Edvard Munch - A Symbolist and Expressionist, Munch is best known for his famous painting The Scream.
• Egon Schiele - An early adopter of Expressionism, Egon died at the young age of 28.

Interesting Facts about Expressionism

• Another movement was taking place in France at the same time called Fauvism. It was led by artist Henri Matisse.
• Groups of Expressionist artists formed in Germany. One was called The Bridge and the other The Blue Rider.
• Many Expressionist artists also overlap into other movements such as Fauvism, Symbolism, Abstract Art, and Surrealism.
• There was also Expressionist literature, dance, sculpture, music, and theatre.
• Many of the German Expressionists artists had to flee Germany during World War II.

Work cited:- 

1) https://www.ducksters.com/history/art/expressionism.php

2) https://youtu.be/MLhDLL3MjSs

DADAISM

What is Dadaism, Dada Art, or a Dadaist?

Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917.

Art Movement: Dadaism

During the First World War, countless artists, writers and intellectuals who opposed the war sought refuge in Switzerland. Zurich, in particular, was a hub for people in exile, and it was here that Hugo Ball and Emmy Hemmings opened the Cabaret Voltaire on 5 February 1916. The Cabaret was a meeting spot for the more radical avant-garde artists. A cross between a nightclub and an arts centre, artists could exhibit their work there among cutting-edge poetry, music, and dance. Hans (Jean) Arp, Tristan Tzara, Marcel Janco and Richard Huelsenbeck were among the original contributors to the Cabaret Voltaire. As the war raged on, their art and performances became increasingly experimental, dissident and anarchic. Together, they protested against the pointlessness and horrors of the war under the battle cry of DADA.

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What is Dadaism, Dada, or a Dadaist?

As a word, it is nonsense. As a movement, however, Dada art proved to be one of the revolutionary movements in the early twentieth century. Initially conceived by a loose band of avant-garde modernists in the prelude to World War I but adopted more fully in its wake, the Dadaist celebrated luck in place of logic and irrationality instead of calculated intent.

Key dates: 1916-1924
Key regions: Switzerland, Paris, New York
Key words: chance, luck, nonsense, anti-art, readymade
Key artists: Hugo Ball, Marcel Duchamp, Hans (Jean) Arp, Hannah Höch, Man Ray, Francois Picabia

Origin of Dadaism

The central premise behind the Dada art movement (Dada is a colloquial French term for a hobby horse) was a response to the modern age. Reacting against the rise of capitalist culture, the war, and the concurrent degradation of art, artists in the early 1910s began to explore new art, or an “anti-art”, as described by Marcel Duchamp. They wanted to contemplate the definition of art, and to do so they experimented with the laws of chance and with the found object. Theirs was an art form underpinned by humor and clever turns, but at its very foundation, the Dadaists were asking a very serious question about the role of art in the modern age. This question became even more pertinent as the reach of Dada art spread – by 1915 its ideals had been adopted by artists in New York, Paris, and beyond – and as the world was plunged into the atrocities of World War I.

Jean Arp, Constellation with Five White Forms and Two Black, Variation III, 1932, courtesy of Guggenheim

Advent of the Readymade

One of the most iconic forms to emerge amidst this flourish of Dadaist expression was the readymade, a sculptural form perfected by Marcel Duchamp. These were works in which Duchamp repurposed found or factory-made objects into installations. In Advance a Broken Arm(1964), for instance, involved the suspension of a snow shovel from a gallery mount; Fountain(1917), arguably Duchamp’s most recognizable readymade, incorporated a mass-produced ceramic urinal. By taking these objects out of their intended functional space and elevating them to the level of “art,” Duchamp poked fun at the art establishment while also asking the viewer to seriously contemplate how we appreciate art.

Different modes of Dadaism

As Duchamp’s readymades exemplify, the Dadaists and the Dada movement did not shy away from experimenting with new media. Jean Arp, for example, explored the art of collage and the potential for randomness in its creation. Man Ray also toyed with the arts of photography and airbrushing as practices that distanced the hand of the artist and thus incorporated collaboration with a chance. Beyond these artistic media, the Dadaists also probed the literary and performance arts. Hugo Ball, for instance, the man who penned the unifying manifesto of Dadaismin 1916, investigated the liberation of the written word. Freeing text from the conventional constraints of a published page, Ball played with the power of nonsensical syllables presented as a new form of poetry. These Dadaist poems were often transformed into performances, allowing this network of artists to move easily between media.

Hugo Ball, Cabaret Voltaire, 1916

Famous Dada Artworks

1. Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (1917)

In 1917, Marcel Duchamp submitted a urinal to the Society of Independent Artists. The Society refused Fountain because they believed it could not be considered a work of art. Duchamp’sFountainraised countless important questions about what makes art art and is considered a major landmark in 20th-century art.

Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917

2. Marcel Duchamp’s Bicycle Wheel (1913)

“In 1913, I had the happy idea to fasten a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool and watch it turn,” said Marcel Duchamp about his famous work Bicycle Wheel. Bicycle Wheel is the first of Duchamp’s readymade objects. Readymades were individual objects that Duchamp repositioned or signed and called art. He called Bicycle Wheel an “assisted readymade,” made by combining more than one utilitarian item to form a work of art.

Marcel Duchamp, Bicycle Wheel, 1913

3. Man Ray’s Ingres’s Violin (1924)

By painting f-holes of a stringed instrument onto the photographic print of his nude model Kiki de Montparnasse and rephotographing the print, Man Ray altered what was originally a classical nude. The female body was now transformed into a musical instrument. He also added the title Le Violon d’Ingres, a French idiom that means “hobby.”

Man Ray, Ingres’s Violin, 1924

4. Hugo Ball’s Sound Poem Karawane (1916)

Founder of the Cabaret Voltaire and writer of the first Dadaist Manifesto in 1916, most of Ball’s work was in the genre of sound poetry. In 1916, the same year in which the published the first Dadaist Manifesto, Ball performed the sound poem Karawane. The opening lines were:

“jolifanto bambla o falli bambla
großiga m’pfa habla horem”

The rest of the poem continued much along the same lines. Though the poem could be confused with random, mad ramblings, sound-poetry was really a deeply considered method in the experimental literature. The idea was to bring the sounds of human vocalization to the foreground by removing everything else.

Hugo Ball, Karawane, 1916

5. Raoul Hausmann’s Mechanical Head (The Spirit of our Time) (1920)

Raoul Hausmann was a poet, collagist, and performance artist, who is best known for his sculpture entitled Mechanical Head (The Spirit of Our Time). The manikin head made from a solid wooden block is a reversal of Hegel’s assertion that “everything is mind.” For Hausmann, man is empty-headed “with no more capabilities than that which chance has glued to the outside of his skull.” By raising these topics, Hausmann wanted to compose an image that would shatter the mainstream Western conventions that the head is the seat of reason.

Raoul Hausmann, Mechanical Head (The Spirit of our Time), 1920

Reception, Downfall, and Dissemination of Dadaist Ideals

The bold new approaches of the Dadaists stirred controversy within contemporary culture. Their swift break from tradition, their impassioned pursuit of a new mode of expression, and their willingness to bring the revered world of “fine art” back to a more level and egalitarian playing field through both humor and inquisitive investigation allowed Dada artists to attract both fans and foes of their work. Some saw Dadaist expression as the next step forward in the avant-garde march; others missed the significance and instead saw works, such as Duchamp’s readymades, as not art but simply their constituent objects (leading to some of the originals being relegated to the refuse pile).

Dadaism gripped audiences into the 1920s, but the movement as a whole was destined to crumble. Some, like Man Ray, found their inclinations moving into the subconscious realm of Surrealism; others found the pressures on the modern European artist too weighty to bear. The rise to power of Adolf Hitler in the 1930s dealt a powerful blow to the modern art world, as the maniacal despot sought to rout out the roots of modern art, a field he considered “degenerate.” As a result, Dada artists witnessed their works mocked or destroyed and thus chose to escape the stifling air of Europe for the more liberated artistic climate of the United States and beyond.

Thought many of these initial members scattered, the ideals of Dadaism remained alive and well among contemporary artists. In many regards, one can see the threads of Dada revived, for example, during the Pop Art era, when repurposed motifs and cultural commentaries emerging from the studios of artists such as Andy Warhol resonated with a hint of Dadaist intrigue. It was in the latter half of the twentieth century that the full impact of the Dadaist moment was realized. In addition to the two major international retrospectives dissecting the Dadaist oeuvre (one in 1967 in Paris and another in 2006 at various international venues), greater research was lavished on the comprehension and preservation of their legacy.

Hannah Höch, Da-Dandy, 1919

Collecting Dada Art

Though offering a universal appeal, Dadaist works can prove a challenge to collect. Beyond issues of authenticity, it is difficult to chart or project the prices such works will achieve, a problem owed to the sheer variety of media. That being said, one can note the consistency with which Dadaist works have exceeded expectations at auction. The notable sale of Marcel Duchamp’s Nu sur nu (1910-1911) for more than $1.4 million in June 2016 doubled the estimated sales price of between $555,000 – $775,000. François Picabia’s Ventilateur (1928) sold at Sotheby’s in February 2016 for more than $3.1 million at the higher end of its predicted sales range. What this trend seems to suggest is that the interest in Dada art expression and the Dada movement is still alive and well, with collectors knowledgeable with regards to the good deals that might pop up at auction.

FAQ

What is Dadaism?

Dadaism is an artistic movement from the early 20th century, predating surrealism and with its roots in a number of major European artistic capitals. Developed in response to the horrors of WW1 the dada movement rejected reason, rationality and order of the emerging capitalist society, instead favoring chaos, nonsense and anti-bourgeois sentiment.

Who are the main Dadaist artists?

The most renowned Dada artists are Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia, and Man Ray in Paris, George Grosz, Otto Dix, John Heartfield, Hannah Höch, Max Ernst and Kurt Schwitters in Germany, and Tristan Tzara, Richard Huelsenbeck, Marcel Janco and Jean Arp in Zurich.

Where did Dadaism originate?

There is some disagreement as to where Dada was founded. Many believe that the movement first developed in the Cabaret Voltaire, an avant-garde nightclub in Zurich, others claim a Romanian origin. What is clear is that there was a pan European sensibility emerging during WW1, especially during 1916, and that clear adherents the the main themes can be identified in Zurich, Berlin, Paris, Hanover, Cologne, the Netherlands and even as far away as New York.

Work cited.
1) https://magazine.artland.com/what-is-dadaism/
2) https://youtu.be/ABNwtDyx7T4
3) https://youtu.be/oB2e9CNsId4

Man Booker prize and India as a plot

Man Booker prize and India as a plot so many novella win and also short listed.


Here you can see the short listed work which has plot move in India. Click here

Here is list of of winning novel which have main plot in India or the story get turning point in India.

1) In_a_Free_State

 In a Free State is a novel by V.S. Naipaul published in 1971. It won that year's Booker Prize. The plot consists of a framing narrative and three short stories - “One out of Many,” “Tell Me Who to Kill,” and the title story, “In a Free State.” The work is symphonic, with different movements converging towards a common theme; although the theme is not spelled out, it evidently concerns the price of freedom, with analogies implicitly drawn between the three scenarios. For more reading click here

2) Heat_and_Dust

 The initial stages of the novel are told in the first person, from the narrative voice of a woman who travels to India, to find out more about her step-grandmother, Olivia. She has various letters written by Olivia, and through reading these, and learning from her own experiences in India, she uncovers the truth about Olivia and her life during the British Raj in the 1920s.For more reading click here.

3) The_Siege_of_Krishnapur

 Inspired by events such as the sieges of Cawnapore (Kanpur) and Lucknow, the book details the siege of a fictional Indian town, Krishnapur, during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 from the perspective of the British residents. The main characters find themselves subject to the increasing strictures and deprivation of the siege, which reverses the "normal" structure of life where Europeans govern Asian subjects. The book portrays an India under the control of the East India Company, as was the case in 1857. The absurdity of the class system in a town no one can leave becomes a source of comic invention, though the text is serious in intent and tone.For more reading click here.

4) Staying_On

 Staying On focuses on Tusker and Lucy Smalley, who are briefly mentioned in the latter two books of the Raj Quartet, The Towers of Silence and A Division of the Spoils, and are the last British couple living in the small hill town of Pankot after Indian independence. Tusker had risen to the rank of colonel in the British Indian Army, but on his retirement had entered the world of commerce as a 'box wallah', and the couple had moved elsewhere in India. However, they had returned to Pankot to take up residence in the Lodge, an annexe to Smith's Hotel. This, formerly the town's principal hotel, was now symbolically overshadowed by the brash new Shiraz Hotel, erected by a consortium of Indian businessmen from the nearby city of Ranpur.For more reading click here.

5) Clear_Light_of_Day

 Clear Light of Day is a novel published in 1980 by Indian novelist and three-time Booker Prize finalist Anita Desai. Set primarily in Old Delhi, the story describes the tensions in a post-partition Indian family, starting with the characters as adults and moving back into their lives throughout the course of the novel. While the primary theme is the importance of family, other predominant themes include the importance of forgiveness, the power of childhood, and the status of women, particularly their role as mothers and caretakers, in modern-day India.For more reading click here.

6) Midnight's_Children

 Midnight's Children is a 1981 novel by British Indian author Salman Rushdie. It deals with India's transition from British colonialism to independence and the partition of British India. It is considered an example of postcolonial, postmodern, and magical realist literature.For more reading click here.

7) The_God_of_Small_Things

 The God of Small Things is the debut novel of Indian writer Arundhati Roy. It is a story about the childhood experiences of fraternal twins whose lives are destroyed by the "Love Laws" that lay down "who should be loved, and how. And how much." The book explores how the small things affect people's behavior and their lives. It won the Booker Prize in 1997.For more reading click here.

8) Life_of_Pi

 Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, an Indian Tamil boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker.For more reading click here.

9) The_Inheritance_of_Loss

 The Inheritance of Loss is the second novel by Indian author Kiran Desai. It was first published in 2006. It won a number of awards, including the Man Booker Prize for that year, the National Book Critics Circle Fiction Award in 2007, and the 2006 Vodafone Crossword Book Award.For more reading click here.

10 ) The_White_Tiger

 The White Tiger is the debut novel by Indian author Aravind Adiga. It was first published in 2008 and won the 40th Man Booker Prize in the same year. The novel provides a darkly humorous perspective of India's class struggle in a globalized world as told through a retrospective narration from Balram Halwai, a village boy. In detailing Balram's journey first to Delhi, where he works as a chauffeur to a rich landlord, and then to Bangalore, the place to which he flees after killing his master and stealing his money, the novel examines issues of religion, caste, loyalty, corruption and poverty in India.Ultimately, Balram transcends his sweet-maker caste and becomes a successful entrepreneur, establishing his own taxi service. In a nation proudly shedding a history of poverty and underdevelopment, he represents, as he himself says, "tomorrow."
For more reading click here.

Review of 2 web series criminal justice and Delhi Crime

Criminal justice

Here I won to share some of the point of view about this  web series

1) India become globalise

2) private cab

3) middle class people get money

4) how the victim eyes after the protagonist victimize by case against him as a rapist and murder and body assault.

5) still he is just the suspect not guilty but society and mass media prove that that man has guilty

6) how international company are also try to save their reputation how they give their speciality also to that victim that is also important

7) if we see that this web series question against our judicial system

8) why that suspect get justice after too long fight of judicial

9) how our police system also work

10) if there is a rape case and police has pre mentality that the man is suspect

11) and our forensic technology and not show welead automatic we cannot rely on them hundred percent.

12) in this web series after 22 months long journey that victim for suspect get justice

But

13) when he was in prison for his survivor he also become a  Evil
What did he done  in jail is it right or wrong for his survivor

14 ) in this web series we find that two people or our our 2 system has not work perfectly first is police system and second forensic department




2) Delhi Crime

Here I want to share some of the point of view about this web series

1) in this map seriously can find that police has done very well work

2) only in a five day the court the all suspect

3) we can see that it all the suspect are belonging to you are very poor family

4) they all people are doing very slippery jobs

5) death victim girl is also belonging middle class family

6) but did she get justice ?

7) if the all criminal are belonging to the the upper classes it then what happened ?

8) if that girl belonging to the very powerful politicians daughter or any class one officers daughter then and how this case will be look ?

9) why women are not safe in our capital city ?

10) at the end question come in mind what is actually justice who get it.

11) we can find also that how politician menu plate the case for their beneficial

Old News paper

Sometime in our mind arise the question that,
 How we can write our history? for,
 How we can narrated our history or how we can make document our present time ?

Just because after sometime present become past so we need some proof to tell  upcoming generation what we leave and how they can come to know that what we have leave what was the present time.

There only source is "newspapers", "legal documents", "literature", and some of the preserving data where in form of books or in E-media we have saved.

On that year if we see it's 1972 where Bangladesh was born and it's made by us or India and one more thing is that how we politically separated two Nation or create new Nations.

But we see after reading this newspaper cutting we can come to know that first world country are also supporting us to do this process.
Sweet prove that we are not only one want two Nation but some other country also want that it's better to make them separate Nation.


In this newspaper cutting we find that why third world country is become important for first world country and why they are interested to make partitions like West Pakistan and East Pakistan and they are supporting that divided. If you see this year its cold war time first World Country need third world country who support them in UNO that's why America is interested to make separate this country.

It's become a historical event and I am interested in history so in this way this news headline if we read now then its historical document for us that's why I am interested in this news

ELT 2 & ICT: Thinking Activity

ELT 2 & ICT: Thinking Activity

Why is it necessary to use Technology in Education? (One reason. You can give more than one)

  Technology is very important in education to create new and innovative practical syllabus, improve the security of students, students data management and analysis and performance reporting and teachers training programs.

Use of technology in education increased the level of accuracy in educational materials to a higher standard. Uses of new technologies are expanding. New computer programs and mobile apps are all playing their role to solve daily life problems.

For example, if students or teachers are writing notes on Microsoft Word program then the spelling and grammatical mistakes (red & green underlines) can be found easily. So, the level of accuracy is very high when we learn on computers or when we teach students by presentation or animations and data visualization.

What is the difference between 'using' and 'integrating' technology? How can we integrate technology?

'Using' and 'Integrate' both are very similar but they have big difference. According to dictionary 'using' , ' the act or practice of employing something for particular purpose.' and 'Integrate' means ' to combine to form or create something.' Using Technology means teacher Use technology for teaching making a blog website presentation application form etc. Adjust for helping for teaching it call to using where integrate means both are used Technology. It's a two way of using Technology like online task online quiz making a Portfolio making a block using an inspiring it calls integrate. Teacher and learner both are using Technology in same way.

Can technology replace teacher?

Teacher and technology both are significant in the process of teaching and learning. Technology is better for leaning in new style, it gives you information but don't guide like teacher.Teacher connect the dots with current situation and explain it. Thus Technology can't replace teacher.

Thinking Activity on Language lab review

Language lab review 

What is Language Lab ?

The Language Laboratories are becoming items better and better valued within educational institutions since the functions and possibilities they offer are much higher than the ones in the traditional teaching-learning system

Moreover it is necessary to distinguish between language laboratory, language method and control software. A method in a procedural that guides teachers when, in turn, control software is a computer program that is used to control students' computers and to know what they are doing at all times. Instead, a language lab goes beyond, a language lab can integrate the method we want to use allowing further development of a large number of different activities in the classroom, the communication between teachers and students, using multimedia material, etc. taking into account at the same time the functions of control software.

Language immersion, attention to diversity, teamwork promotion, etc. are just some of the outstanding features of the language laboratories. According Juana Gil Fernandez (Head of the Laboratory of Phonetics. Council for Scientific Research) a language lab “allows the teacher, if desired, to transcend everyday teaching of a language to enter fully in the investigation of cognitive process of acquiring and learning foreign languages ​​in general ”.

"Digital language laboratories are much more than a tool for training and listening discursive language, they are places to study and experiment with real samples of languages​​, learn languages ​​and exercise in their use. So they are configured using multimedia technology, communications and flexible and open organizational models with any necessary tool to process philological materials.

All this and much more is what you get with language laboratories, a complete tool to put in the service of teachers and students the latest technology for teaching."

Thinking Activity on ON@TCC

Thinking Activity on ON@TCC

1. Effect of Globalization in the novel :

Globalizaion is the process of interaction among people. This whole story circulate around the effect of Globalization. All the six characters Shyam, Vroom, Esha, Radhika, Priyanka, Military Uncle works in a call centre where they have to talk with foreigners on call whole night. They are helping foreigners in fixing problem of home appliances. They are connecting with global world and work as an human resource, sharing Ideas.

‘Yes sir. I sound like your daughter? Oh, thank you. So what is wrong

with the vacuum cleaner/’ she was saying.

‘Your voice is so soothing,’ the caller said.

‘Thanks you sir. So, the vacuum cleaner…?’

But If we look at the effect then we can find that their life, happiness, freedom everything is ruined by Globalization. They are working whole night under the pressure of cruel boss Bakhshi. They are working for money even if they get insulted by the global people. Capitalism is the centre of global world. They have to use sugarcoated language. When the foreigner come to know about the Indian working in call centre then he used to mock on Indian for different accent. Foreigners are surprised that how the Indian who has not seen the appliance, is ready to help or suggest the solution for its defect. Global world always looks at India as a poor country. There is also fun on big banner of advertisement which shows the fakeness, as there is the picture of smiling woman but Vroom says that it is not that simple to smile like her with coca-cola. These all advertisement are meant to trapped people with sugarcoated logos. This is the fakeness of multinational companies which can do anything to sold their product.


2. Narrative structure of the novel and its comparison with Life of Pi. :

There is unreliable narrative structure in the novel because from the very beginning the story is narrated by a strange woman to Chetan Bhagat in the train. Then she forced him to write it as his second book without mentioning her name. Chetan Bhagat then write story and used one character Shyam for narration. In this way it becomes unreliable.

There is similarity of narrative structure between Life of Pi and One Night @call centre. In the life of Pi, the protagonist told the story to the writer, just like the woman in the train telling story to Chetan Bhagat. There are two stories being told and it was upon the writer that which they select to write, the one is with God or the one without God. In both the cases the writer chose to write story with God.

3. Theme of Nationalism in the novel :

"a thirty-five-year-old

American’s brain and IQ is the same as a ten-years-old Indian’s brain"

There are many incidents in the novel which reflects the theme of nationalism and Anti- American Idea. The character of Vroom is used to satire on the inhuman nature of Americans. He was badly insulted by the American because of his Indian accent. Therefore he built a strong disliking for them. When he asked question to god that why they given to Americans so much wealth not Indians?, then God also gave Anti-American answer by saying that Americans are not the happiest people on earth because it is obsessed with war. God also share Idea to win over Americans. There is praise of Indian people and their level of intelligence. In this way Chetan Bhagat very smartly presents the theme of nationalism in the novel.

4. Cyberpunk novel :

Cyberpunk is a subgenre of science fiction. Its characteristics are as follows:-

i) Sci-fi (scientific fiction)
ii) Strong sense of helplessness
iii) Misery
iv) Dystopic Idea
v) Loss of morality/humanity
vi) MN corporations control over the life of workers

These all characteristic we find in the novel. This is absolutely scientific fiction which deals with the innovative side of society. The workers work on computer screen, day and night and connected with the global world because of the invention of telephones. Despite of this there is strong sense of helplessness, misery, loss of morality. All six characters suffers a lot. They are living in Dystopic world where no one is happy. All have their different problem and they don't know how to come out of these miseries. On the other side we can find loss of morality in these characters when they blackmailed Bakhshi and get money to start their new business. All are working under the pressure of Multi National company which ruins their joy of living. MN companies always get more work at low wages.

Rivers and Tides

Rivers and Tides

Rivers and Tides depicts the magical relationship between art and nature while painting a visually intoxicating portrait of famed artist Andy Goldsworthy. It makes sense-luscious sculptures entirely out of things he finds in nature — stones, twigs, leaves, plant stalks, clay, ice, snow. Goldsworthy is seen working on new creations as he explains his philosophy that brings together a Zen-like appreciation of the natural world, a deeply felt connection with the Earth and all its thousand things, a fascination with time and the ephemeral existence of objects, a respect for place and all the marvels discovered within a space that one knows intimately, and a yearning to explore the energy that is running through the landscape. Sometimes his works change before our eyes and even pass away before we have savored all their mystery and magic. But to the artist, this is all part of the process.

"Art for me is a form of nourishment," Goldsworthy says, and we see what he means as he begins to assemble his earthwork arrangements. Arriving for a new commission in Nova Scotia, he has only a little time to familiarize himself with the seaside terrain. He respects the processes of life and death reflected in nature. As the sun illuminates the finished sculpture, he notes, "The very thing that brought it to life, will bring about its death." This is only one of the many spiritual insights emerging from his art.