The PURITAN AGE

The PURITAN AGE

1)  Literature of the Puritan age

           Samuel Daniel [ 1562- 1619 ]
              <Delia
              <Civil Wars
              <Complaint of Rosamond

2) The Song Writer

           2.1)   Thomas Champion [ 1567 - 1619 ]
           2.2)   Nicholas Breton [ 1545 - 1626 ? ]

3)  The Spenserian Poets

           3.1)   Giles Fletcher [ 1588? - 1623 ]
                   <Christ's Victory and Triumph
                   <Piers Plowman
         
           3.2)   George Wither [ 1588 - 1667 ]
                    <Hymns and Song of the church

4)  Metaphysical Poet

                  4.1)  Dr. Johnson
                        { Donne, Herbert, Waller,Denham,Cowley, Vaughan,
                         Davenant,  Marvell, Crashw }

                 4.2)  John Donne [ 1573 - 1631 ]
                         <The Strom
                         <The Calm
                         <The Progress of the Soul
                         <Pseudo Martyr
                         <The Undertaking
         
                4.3)   George Herbert [ 1593 - 1633 ]
                         <The Temple
                         <The Church Porch
                         <The Pilgrimage
                         <The Pulley
                         <The Gifts of God
                         <Easter Wings
                         <The Altar
                       <Heaven

         
5)  The Cavalier poets

         { Herrick, Lovelace, Suckling,Carew}

5.1) Thomas Carew [ 1598 ? - 1639 ]

5.2) Robert Herrick [ 1591 - 1674 ]
      <Hesperides and Noble Numbers
      <Litany
   
5.3) Sucking and Lovelace
       ( Sir John Suckling [ 1609 - 1642 ] )
          <Ballad Upon a Wedding
       ( Sir Richard Lovelace [ 1618 - 1658 ] )
          <Lovelace's Lucasta
          <To Lucasta
          <To Althea from Prison

6)   " JOHN MILTON " [ 1608 - 1674 ]
       
         <On the Morning of the Christ's Nativity
         <L'Allegro
         <ILPenseroso
         <Masque of Comus
         <The Triumph of Virtue
         <Lycidas
6.1) Sonnets <Arcades
            <On His Deceased Wife
            <To the Nightingale
            <On Reaching the Age of Twenty - Three
            <The Massacare in Piedmont
            <On His Blindness
6.2) Prose <Areopagitica

6.3) Milton's Later Poetry
            <Paradise lost
            <Paradise Regained
            <Samson Agonistes



7) Prose Writers of the Puritan period
     7.1) John Bunyan [ 1628 - 1688 ]
         <Pilgrimage's Progress
         <The Holy War
         <Grace Abounding to the chief of sinners
         <The Life and Death of Mr.Badman
         <The Heavenly Footman

8) Minor Prose Writers
           { Religio Medici , Holy Living, The Compleat Angler, }

      8.1)  Robert Burton [ 1577 - 1640 ]
              <Anatomy of Mel
      8.2)  Sir Thomas Browe [ 1605 - 1682 ]
              <Religio Medici
              <Vulgar Errors
              <Urn Burial
     8.3)   Thomas Fuller [ 1608 - 1661 ]
              <The Holy War
              <The Holy State and the profane state
              <Church History of Britain
              <History of the worthies of England
              <The Holy and Profane state
              <The Church History
              <The Worthies
8.4)   Jeremy Taylor [ 1613 - 1667 ]
         <The Liberty of Prophesying
         <The Rules and Exercises of Holy Living
         <The Holy Living and dying
         <With Baxter's saints' Rest
       
 8.5 )     Richard Baxter [ 1615 - 1691 ]
            < The Saint's Everlasting Rest
            <A Call to the Unconverted
8.6)      Izaak Walton [ 1593 - 1683 ]
            <The Complete Angler 

The Age of Elizabeth

The Elizabeth Age

1) poet

     1.1)  Edmond Spenser [ 1552. - 15999 ]

> The faery Queen

> Shepherd's calendar
> Astrophel
>Amoretti
>Epithalamion
>Hymns

2) Minor poets
             2.1) Thomas Sackville [ 1536-1608 ]
>Gorboduc
>Ferrex and porrex
>The mirror for magistrates

             2.2) Philip Sidney [ 1554-1586 ]
>The Apologie for poetrie
>Defense of poesie
>Astrophel and Stella

            2.3) George Chapman [ 1559? - 1634]
>Iliad
>Odyssey
>Hero and Leander { finisher }

             2.4) Michael Drayton [ 1563 - 1631 ]
>Polybion
>Barons' Wars
>Heroic Epistle of England
>Ballad of Agincourt

3) The First English Dramatists
===> The origin of the dream.
===> Periods in the development of the drama
            3.1) The Religious period
            3.2) Miracle and Mystery plays
                 ===> " Ludus de sancta Katharina " ( 1110 ), St.Catherine,Geoffrey of
                       St.Albans.
            3.3) The Moral period of the Drama
                 ====> " Romance of the Rose ", " Everyman "," pride of life ",   
                       " Hyckescorner", "Castell of perseverance".
              3.4) The Artistic period of the Drama
                  ===> " Ralph Royster Doyster ", Nicholas Udall," Miles Glorious ".
              3.5) The Interludes
                  ===> " John Heywood [ 1497? - 1580? ] " The Four P's "
                       " Pardoner ,a Palmer, aPedlar,aPoticary,"

                      " The Theater "

{ *Not ===> In the year 1574 a royal permit to Lord Leicester's actors allowed them " to give plays anywhere throughout our realm of England ". Two years later the first playhouse, known as " The Theater ".*}


4). Shakespeare's Predecessors in the Drama.

======> Choir master of St.Paul and Royal and the Queen's Chapel
        Richard Edward ( Choir master of the Queen's Chapel in 1562 )


======> Regular playwrights
          4.2) ------> Kyd,Nash,Lyly,Greene,Marlowe
                ( John Lyly 1554? - 1606 )
                ( Thomas Kyd's Spanish tragedy 1585 )
                ( Robert Greene 1558?- 1592)
                ( Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay )

4.3)  *Christopher Marlowe [ 1564 - 1593 ]
         <Tamburlaine
         <Hero and Leander
         <Faustus
         <The Jew of Malta
         <The Merchant of Venice
         <Edward II

                 5      " Shakespeare " [ 1564 - 1616 ]

5.1). First period of dream , Early Experiment,
        <Venus and Adonis
        <Rape of lLucrece
        <Titus Andronicus
        <Henry VI
        <Love's Labour's Lost
        <Comedy of Errors
        <Two Gentleman of Verona
        <Richard III
          <Richard II
          <King John

5.2). Second period ,Development
          <Romeo and Juliet
          <Midsummer Night's Dream
          <Merchant of Venice
          <Henry IV ( first )
          <Henry IV ( second )
          <Merry Wives of Windsor
          <Much Ado About Nothing
          <As you Like It
          <Henry V

5.3). Third period of ,Maturity and Gloom
        <Sonnets
        <Twelfth Night
        <Taming of the shrew
        <Julia Caesar
        <Hamlet
        <Troilus and Cressida
        <All's Well That Ends Well
        <Measure for measure
        <Othello
        <King Lear
        <Macbeth
        <Antony and Cleopatra
        <Timon of Athens

5.4). Fourth Period Lates Experiment
         <Coriolanus
         <Pericles
         <cymbeline
         <Winter's Tale
         <The Tempest
         <Henry VIII { Unfinished }

5.5). Classification according to Sources
{ Comedes } == Merchant of Venice, Midsummer Night's midsummer, As you like it,
              Winter's Tale, The Tempest, Twelfth night.
{ Tragedies } == Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello.
{ Historical } == Julia Caesar, Richard III, Henry IV, Henry V, Coriolanus, Antony and
               Cleopatra
6) Shakespeare's contempories and success in The Drama

            6.1) Ben Jonson [ 1573? - 1637 ]
                   <Every Man in his Humor
                   <Cynthia's Revels
                   <The poetaster
                   <Volpone or the fox
                   <The Alchemist
                   <Epicoene
                   <The Silent Woman

            6.2) Beaumont and Fletcher [ 1584 - 1616 ]
                   <Philaster
                   <Cymbeline
                   <The Maid's Tragedy
                   <Henry  VIII
                   <The Two Noble Kinsmen

            6.3) John Webster
                   <The White Devil
                   <The Duchess of Malfi
                 
             6.4) Thomas Middleton [ 1570 - 1627 ]
                    <The Changeling
                    <Women Be ware Women
                    <A trick to catch the old one
                    <A Fari Quarrel
       
         6.5) Thomas Heywood [ 1580?- 1650 ]
                <The woman killed with kindness
                <The Fair maid of the West

         6.6) Thomas Dekker [ 1570 - ? ]
                <The Shoemaker's Holiday
                <Old Fortunatus,

         6.7) Massinger ,Ford,Shirley,
               6.7.1) Philip Massinger [ 1584 - 1640 ]
                       <A New way to pay old Debts
                       <Great Duke of Florence
                       <The Virginia Martyr
               6.7.2.3.) John Frod [ 1586 - 1642? ] ; James Shirley [ 1596 - 1666 ]
                         <The Broken Herat
                         <Hyde Park
7.)  The Prose Writers

             7.1)  Fracis Bacon [ 1561 - 1626 ]
               <The Advancement of Learning
               <Instauration Magna
               <The Great Institution of the Philosophy
               <The New Atlantis
               <De Sapientia Veterum
               <History of Henry VII
               <Organum

            7.2)  Richard Hooker [ 1554 ? - 1600 ]
               <The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
       
             7.3)  Sidney and Raleigh [ 1554 -1586 ] , [1552 - 1618 ]
                     <Arcadia
                     <Pastoral romance
                     <Defense of poesie
                 
                     ( Raleigh )
                         <Discoveries of Guiana
                         <History of the world

             7.4)  John fox [ 1516 - 1587 ]
                     <Book of Martyrs
                     <Act and Monument
             7.5)  Camde and Knox
                     ( William Camden )
                       <Camden's Britannia ( 1586 )
                       <Annals of Queen Elizabeth
                     ( John Knox )
                         <History of the Reformation in Scotland
                       
             7.6) Hakluyt and Purchas
                     ( Richard Hakluyt [ 1552? - 1616] , Samuel Purchas [ 1575?- 1662]
                       ( Richard Hakluyt )
                           <Principal Navigation
                           <Voyaes
                           <Discoveries of the English Nation
                          ( Samuel Purchas )
                              <Purchas
                              <His Pilgrimage
                           
   
      7.7)   Thomas North [ 1535 ? - 1601 ?]
               <Plutarch's Lives






   
             
   
         

Movie review " Lagan "

Here I am sharing my experience on movie, " Lagan "
" Lagan " mean's  revenue.

Story based on 1893 "चंपानेर". This stories protagonist is not famous one or not Royal family or the freedom fighter but it's a normal farmer's son that become a leader and solve the problem of village.

Here we see that the work Kings become helpless and villain becomes british company became villain for us and King become an innocent docile people.

 In this movie both the side we find some " jaichand " and " vibushan "  like " Elizabeth " " " .

In this movie we find triangle of love story but just because of " language problem the protagonist never understand that his " teacher or Master for coach " " Elizabeth love him " but just because of language in never understand.

Here we see that in this movie how the Punjabi people are portrayed like a very brave people.

And also finally find that there is a good team work done by a protagonist and his village people and then you not believe in caste system we see that there are  Muslim  people in his team.

In this movie we find the caste system , also we find that the our Indian typical mentalities for cast.

Movie begin with problem of rain and farmers very poor condition and facing so much problem and the British company tell that you have to give revenue so and two time more so that is the problem and farmer are very tense and at that time they think that if they doing Worship on Temple then they get very good rain in their village but the British company refused to give permission and and captain tell that King  if  your people want to worship in temple then king have to eat meat that is the solution of the problem and King dinner too eat meat and the three time revenue is fix for public.

And major live you find that the it is a only for eco satisfaction we seen this movie that when a villain get angry on protagonist at that time he makes a condition that if you play cricket with us and won the match then you get a 3 years free revenue so the protagonist accept this challenge.

           About circket *****

Majoli cricket player by the white people and where their rule that country also play after this game so it's an example of postcolonial studies that we see that our colonial master I'll go back to their home but still we follow some rule and regulation and we appreciate their game and we adopted the game is an hour game.

Sign that way we can say that the cricket is not Indian gambit just because of India colonized by British people so that part of that's why they are playing the game and one more thing is that when Britishers came with their religion Christianity and also they came with their game like in cricket just because they never play Indian games by the Indian people still play cricket.


 postcolonialism*****

We see that in this movie that after a long time we become free from the White world people on British raj but still our mentality is that that someone is rule over I said they can teachers and they are very great person that they can rule out our us just like why in this movie the protagonist want help from the Elizabeth why not other people help him to teach cricket why not King help to teach the cricket game but some white people come and teach him how to play cricket that is in significance that we are still believe that some white people can give us a correct answer we cannot get correct answer by self or someone told us that we cannot get right answer but someone white people tell then and then we get correct answer is it so that our mentality or our mind is condition that white people means the correct answer the correct way.


             End of the movie***********

End of the movie we see that the protagonist team win and British team lost the match and we find that the finally the rain is coming and at the time the background music was so most beautiful and we see that the musical like that product only is been so background music is like a winning song play and
  when they are moving to this " चांपानेर "  at that time when Elizabeth meet to protocol his mother and his be love at that time also rain come but the rain sound is different its like in the tragedy of sadness on going.


Last ball played by protagonist ??

Why ????

Why ????

Why ?????

The waste Land : Thinking activity

The waste Land : Thinking activity :

Q-1 )  No, Eliot can not achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho-historical answer to the contemporary malaise. Yes, just because Eliot idea or thinking is wrong past can never answer to the present time problems.

When we see Nietzsche, Nietzsche finds the solution of present in future. If we go with Nietzsche's ideas we can get answers .

Q-2 ) It is true that free vent to the repressed ‘primitive instincts’ lead us to happy and satisfied life’ but This ‘Primitive instincts’ may bring chaos in the society.


Q-3 ) in the first four part Eliot described that how " Sexual perversion " has over power , and at the end of the poem we can find out the answer and answer come from " India Spirituality give the answer ".

----------> Three " DA"
                  1) DATTA
                  2) DAYDHVAM
                  3) DAMYATA

2).  "Ganga was sunken, and the limp leaves
Waited for rain, while the black clouds
Gathered far distant, over Himavant.
The jungle crouched, humped in silence.
Then spoke the thunder"


3).  Hieronymo’s mad againe.
Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.
                  Shantih     shantih     shantih

MATLLDA MOVIE REVIEWS

Arriving in the latter half of the summer, Danny DeVito's Matilda beats out such worthy contenders as The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Harriet the Spy for best family fare of the season. In fact, I haven't enjoyed a so-called "children's film" this much since last year's Babe or Toy Story. Although Matilda, which is based on a story by Roald Dahl (whose James and the Giant Peach reached screens earlier this year), is primarily aimed at the under-10 crowd, DeVito has crammed this movie with elements designed to appeal to adults. The result is a highly-satisfactory black comedy/fantasy that will find fans of all ages.

Matilda contains numerous elements of traditional fairy tales - a wicked step-aunt, a true friend with a pure heart, and more than a little magic - but "traditional" is about the last word that comes to mind when describing this quirky film. DeVito, whose previous efforts include the viciously wacky War of the Roses, is in fine form here, exaggerating characters and situations to the point where they lose their more terrifying edge without going so far that we no longer care about any of the inhabitants of this world. It's a fine line to walk, but Matilda rarely falters.

The basic material may seem odd for a family film, dealing as it does with issues of child neglect, abuse, and revenge. By removing the story from conventional reality, however, DeVito pulls it off. This is a world where adults (except two) are bad and children (except one) are good. It's a place where television is a force of mind-numbing evil and where books represent escape and solace. And, most importantly, empowerment is genuine, not just a slogan.

Matilda (Mara Wilson) is the youngest child, and only daughter, of Harry and Zinia Wormwood (Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman), who are described as living "in a very nice neighborhood in a very nice house", but not being very nice people. Mr. Wormwood is a used car salesman with the police tracking his every move, and Mrs. Wormwood is obsessed with bingo parlors and television game shows. Both parents are extremely neglectful of their little six-and-one-half year old daughter, even though she shows signs of amazing intelligence and various remarkable powers (she and John Travolta's character in Phenomenoncould have long, meaningful discussions).

Eventually, Mr. Wormwood notices his daughter long enough to send her off to Crunchem Hall, an elementary school lorded over by the ogre-like Miss Trunchbull (Pam Ferris), whose motto is "Use the rod, beat the child." She practices what she preaches, taking delight in punishing her charges and informing them mercilessly that her idea of a perfect school is one where there are no children. Fortunately for Matilda, her first grade teacher, Miss Honey (Embeth Davidtz), is kind and good-hearted, and immediately recognizes her new student's amazing gifts.

Mara Wilson, who lit up the screen as Robin Williams' daughter in Mrs. Doubtfire, and captured the Natalie Wood role in the remake of A Miracle on 34th Street, is enchanting without being either sickeningly adorable or unbearably irritating. She has a natural charisma, and seems the perfect choice for the perky, indomitable Matilda. Wilson causes us to care about the title character, and that identification is necessary to Matilda's success. It's rare for an actor this young to give such a polished performance.

DeVito and his wife, Rhea Perlman, are effective in their cartoonish roles. Embeth Davidtz (Feast of July) radiates sweetness and vulnerability. And Pam Ferris takes on the Herculean role of Trunchbull by sinking her teeth into it and going as far over-the-top as the director lets her (which, in most cases, is pretty far). She reminded me forcefully of Ursula from Disney's animated The Little Mermaid. Meanwhile, Paul Reubens (aka Pee-Wee Herman) has a cameo as one of the cops shadowing Harry Wormwood.

Matilda is not politically correct - it is, after all, a pint-sized revenge fantasy - but, in this case, that's a definite plus. Besides, for those who want bland, "wholesome" family entertainment, there's always Disney. Children aren't likely to understand much of the black comedy and satire here, but they'll be so involved in the story that they won't notice that a lot is going over their heads. Hardly a moment of Matildacan be described as either juvenile or condescending, and, compared with many of this summer's so-called "mature" features, that makes for a delightfully refreshing change-of-pace.

My favorite book is "Indian Constitution " .

After reading " Indian Constitution " we feel that we have also get power we can do change. 

Online Discussion on " Mario Vargas Llosa's

I like this two - three things or ideas

1)   Alberto Fujimori’s election in Peru in             1990. In your tale, sex dominates as an           act of survival and as a reaction to                 oppression.

2)   yellow journalism

3)   Swedish Academy " scandal " 

4)  #MeToo movement.

-------1) Albert fujimoris electron in paru in                 1990

-------->     General elections were held in Peru on 8 April 1990, with a second round of the presidential elections on 10 June.The run-off was between favorite, novelist Mario Vargas Llosaleading a coalition of economically liberal parties collectively known as the Democratic Front and political underdog Alberto Fujimoriof the populist and more moderate Cambio 90. Vargas Llosa won the first round with a small plurality, but alienated much of the electorate with a comprehensive privatisationagenda, bolstering the allegedly unelectable Fujimori. Fujimori eventually won a landslide victory and would remain president for ten years until he was ousted in 2000.



---------> 2) Yellow journalism 

---------->     Yellow journalism and the yellow press are American terms for journalism and associated newspapers that present little or no legitimate well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. By extension, the term yellow journalism is used today as a pejorative to decry any journalism that treats news in an unprofessional or unethical fashion.


--------> 3) Swedish Academy " scandal "

--------> The man at the centre of sexual assault allegations that prompted the Swedish Academy to postpone this year's Nobel Literature Prize, will go on trial on rape charges.

French cultural figure Jean-Claude Arnault, who is married to a former member of the Swedish Academy which selects Nobel literature laureates, has been charged with raping a woman in Stockholm on two occasions in 2011.
The Stockholm district court told AFP his hearings will take place on September 19th, 20th and 24th.
According to the charge sheet, seen by AFP, the 71-year-old allegedly forced the victim – who was in a state of "intense fear" – to have oral sex and intercourse in a Stockholm apartment on October 5th, 2011.


--------> 4) # Me too movement .

-------->   The Me Too Movement (or #MeToo Movement) with many local/international alternatives is a movement against sexual harassment and assault. #MeToo spread virally in October 2017 as a hashtag used on social media in an attempt to demonstrate the widespread prevalence of sexual assault and harassment, especially in the workplace. It followed soon after the sexual misconduct allegations against Harvey Weinstein.Tarana Burke, an American social activist and community organizer, began using the phrase "Me Too" as early as 2006, and the phrase was later popularized by American actress, Alyssa Milano, on Twitter in 2017. Milano encouraged victims of sexual harassment to tweet about it and "give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem". As a result, this was met with success that included but not limited to high-profile posts from several American celebrities including Gwyneth Paltrow,Ashley Judd, Jennifer Lawrence, and Uma Thurman.

OD - 2 " On The waste Land "

And when we were children, staying at the archduke's, 
My cousin's, he took me out on a sled, 
And I was frightened. He said, Marie, 
Marie, hold on tight. And down we went. 
In the mountains, there you feel free.


 when we reading the wasteland after that if we see " Anton Chekhov "  short story then we feel that the westland main theme was " sexual perversion "  and  we can find it just because we give interpretation to

 "the when ' girl and boy came down to the mountain ' we interpretation that  both the in relationship( sexuel perversion ).  But  when we see " chekhav " story ( joke )  then we realise that there is nothing said by or done by them.   it is just the interpretation what we have seen and the what modern writer have found in this story so that is our interpretation not " Anton chekhav " interpretation.  but if see that there is the  hidden meaning are given and meaning we can find it.

---------> one thing is that the all interpretation are correct or one side we think that the wastelander are right and Other Side if we see then the " chekhav "  was right in his story.

  " Any other possible interpretation "

-------> yes we can find that when we see the story there is nothing can we see but there is not talk about  " sexual perversion " but if we see that there is the first love was happened but not feel full there is some reason behind it but the first love was not hundred percent full. A lady is in doubtful that who tell her " I love you " that is the situation we see . so in that case we can find there is nothing " sexual perversion"  so It is the wrong interpretation going.

The Great Dictator .

The Great Dictator, written and directed by Charlie Chaplin, who also stars, is a compelling movie. The film begins in a setting that resembles World War I. Charlie Chaplin plays a private in the Tomainian military, and also a barber. Charlie is startled by a cry of help from Schultz, the military commander. He successfully attempts to rescue the military commander. The two board Shultz’s airplane and fly off. Unfortunately, the plane crash lands into a nearby marsh. The two survive, but after being seen by a medical staff, they are told that Tomainia has lost the war.



Twenty years later, Adenoid Hynkel, (who is also played by Chaplin) the new dictator of Tomainia, has begun the persecution of the Jews. The focus then shifts the Charlie’s other character, the barber. He has been in the hospital recovering from memory loss inflicted from the plane crash. When the barber returns to his shop, which is located in a new Jewish Ghetto, he is surprised when storm troopers write “Jew” on the front of his shop. The barber is beaten by storm troopers when a resident of the ghetto named Hannah arrives and comes to his rescue. Then, as the barber is getting beaten for a second time, he is saved by Commander Shultz, who recognizes Charlie from World War I.

It becomes much more apparent that Hynkel is obsessed with world domination. This is shown in particular when Hynkel dances with a large globe. Hynkel plans to invade Osterlich, a neighboring town. He wishes for a loan to fund this invasion but is turned down. He continues his persecution of the Jews when he realizes the man who turned him down for a loan was Jewish.



Hynkel then invites Benzino Napaloni, who is the dictator of Bacteria, to Tomainia. They sign a treaty which establishes that Hynkel would not go through with the invasion. This treaty is immediately broken when Hynkel invades Osterlich anyway. One scene in the movie with great significance is the “great dictator” speech.

What eventually happens in the film is that Hynkel is on a hunting trip and is arrested due to his resemblance to the barber, and the barber who is wearing a Tomainian uniform is mistaken for Hynkel. He is then taken to the capital to give a speech. In the speech he calls for democracy and calls the government officials “Machine men, with Machine mind and Machine hearts.” This is the most moving part of the film.



Conclusions

The Great Dictator is one of the best movies ever made. There is a good mix of drama and comedy, and it gives a relatively accurate description of what happened up to World War II within the context of its humorous nature.  The film is one of great passion, especially expressed during the speech given by the barber in the Tomainian uniform as the “Great Dictator.” The speech was one that called for an end to injustice and one that would inspire people to rise against their exploiters. The film depicts a scenario in which an average man has the ability to speak with passion and compassion. For example, the barbar (dressed as the dictator Hynkel) states, “Power does not rest in one man or a group of men, but in all men, in you the people.” This film expresses passion, history, humor and progressivism. We here at the Red Phoenix recommend this film.

Modern times.

Modern Times (1936) is a funny comedy; however, this silent film presents a very serious socialist critique of twentieth-century society.  Chaplin portrays a factory worker on an assembly line that his tight-fisted employer keeps accelerating beyond the laborer’s capacity to keep up.  The control-freak owner values only efficiency, so he spies on his workers via a television screen.  He scolds them when they smoke during their five-minute breaks.  The employer resembles Big Brother in George Orwell’s novel 1984 (published in 1949).  Also, the boss has Chaplin’s character test a new efficiency machine that enables a worker to eat while still doing his job.  Obviously, the capitalist does not want to give workers any time for relaxation.  But the machine malfunctions, mauling Chaplin, and the boss decides not to use it after all.

Machines with many large cogs dominate this movie as a symbol of the modern world.  Chaplin includes many scenes in which the workers get caught in these cogs, representing their being ensnared in the capitalist enterprise that has no concern for workers’ safety, welfare, or happiness.  Chaplin’s small stature provides a sharp contrast to his taller co-workers and to the gigantic machines.

Chaplin’s factory worker character has a nervous breakdown due to his oppressive and overwhelming job.  He gets hospitalized but leaves the hospital unemployed.  In one subsequent scene, the starving worker eats a tableful of food at a cafeteria but cannot pay for it.  This marathon eating is hilarious but also emphasizes the precarious situation of the unemployed during the Great Depression.  The factory worker gets arrested again for not paying for his food.

Rather than helping him, the police and other authorities keep throwing the tramp into prison.  At one point, he joins a march of workers protesting their conditions, and the police arrest him again, claiming that he is the leader of the Communist march.  Ironically, the factory worker likes prison because his needs get met.

Chaplin’s partner Paulette Goddard portrays Ellen Peterson, “the gamin,” a young woman who is also caught in the unfairness of modern society.  She is an orphan trying to support her younger siblings when the authorities arbitrarily take them away from her.  In another scene, police arrest Ellen for stealing a loaf of bread when she is starving.  Chaplin tries to assist her, and they fall in love.

Ellen finds the couple housing, a small ramshackle wooden shack that is literally falling apart.  Pieces of wood keep hitting the couple as they move around their home. This is a good satire of shantytowns during the 1930s.

The tramp and Ellen struggle to find work.  He keeps losing jobs and facing unemployment and prison.  While Chaplin is in prison, Ellen finds a decent job dancing to entertain people at a café/restaurant.  She gets her boyfriend a similar job, and he waits on tables, dances, and sings to entertain the diners.  However, this temporary success ends when the police come to arrest Ellen for stealing a loaf of bread some weeks earlier and escaping arrest.  Clearly, Chaplin emphasizes that modern society makes life very hard for women.

The movie originally ended with Ellen joining a nunnery, but Chaplin rewrote this ending to make it more optimistic.  Ellen and the tramp walk together down a road at dawn.  Their future is uncertain, but they have some hope.

Thinking activity fiction and lie

Fiction :-
--------> literature in the form of prose, especially novels, that describes imaginary events and people.
---------> synonyms: novels, stories, creative writing, imaginative writing, works of the imagination, prose literature, narration, story telling; romance, fable
"the traditions of British fiction"

-------->  something that is invented or untrue.
"they were supposed to be keeping up the fiction that they were happily married"
synonyms: fabrication, invention, lies, fibs, concoction, untruth, falsehood, fantasy, fancy, illusion, sham, nonsense; vulgar slangbullshit; vulgar slangbulldust
"the president dismissed the allegation as absolute fiction"

Origin
--------->    Late Middle English (in the sense ‘invented statement’): via Old French from Latin fictio(n-), from fingere ‘form, contrive’. Compare with feign and figment.


Lie

---------->  of a person or animal) be in or assume a horizontal or resting position on a supporting surface.
"the body lay face downwards on the grass"
synonyms: recline, lie down, lie back, be recumbent, be prostrate, be supine, be prone, be stretched out, stretch oneself out, lean back, sprawl, rest, repose, relax, lounge, loll, bask
"he was lying on a bed"

-------->  be, remain, or be kept in a specified state.
"the abbey lies in ruins today"
noun

--------->  the way, direction, or position in which something lies.
"he was familiarizing himself with the lie of the streets"


Origin of lie1
----------> before 900; (noun) Middle English; Old English lyge; cognate with German Lüge, Old Norse lygi; akin to Gothic liugn; (verb) Middle English lien, Old English lēogan (intransitive); cognate with German lügen, Old Norse ljūga, Gothic liugan

On my point of you that fiction is come with a scientific Idea or thinking activity fiction have deep meaning try to look toward beyond the world but it is not harmful just because it's and imagination to how fiction is working and it's reflect on writers working we can see it

Lie come with mythical history and culture also come so we can see that the our rituals religion and our history also something I hide and we see there the lie always come in our literature  and poets and their most most of works are based on Lie and their Minds imagination

In that way I want to conclude that friction is not harmful but lie is harmful so we can see it in and nowadays in social media some fake news are coming and people are believing that this all things are true but they never try to check for what is the real truth so in nowadays it is more important that what we read what we learn what we see is it fiction or lie by someone .
              Fiction is ok for our registering and liver so relevant in our literature but in our day to day life fiction is ok but lies not too so ok it's create problematic for us and our society also.

Online discussion : on Moni Mohsin article

Sharmeen :-

Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy was born in Karachi in 1978. She did her early schooling at the Convent of Jesus and Mary , and subsequently went on to study at
Karachi Grammar School .  Later she studied mass communications at Stanford University in the US, where she received her bachelor's degree in economics and government from Smith College in 2002. She returned to Pakistan and launched her career as a filmmaker with her first film Terror's Children for The New York Times. In 2003 and 2004 she made two award-winning films while a graduate student at Stanford University . Her most notable films includes, the animated adventure 3 Bahadur (2015), the musical journey Song of Lahore (2015) and the two Academy Award-winning films, the documentary Saving Face (2012) and the biographical
A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness (2016).  Her visual contributions have earned her numerous awards, including two Academy Awards in the Best Short Subject in 2012 and 2016 and two Emmy Awards in the same category in 2010 and 2011.
Obaid-Chinoy has also won six Emmy Awards, including two of which are in the International Emmy Award for Current Affairs Documentary category for the films, the terrorist drama Pakistan's Taliban Generation and the documentary Saving Face (2012)  Throughout her career, she has made many records, her Academy Award win for Saving Face made her the first Pakistani to win an Academy Award,  and she is one of only eleven female directors who have ever won an Oscar for a non-fiction film. She is also the first non-American to win the Livingston Award for Young Journalists.  The 2015 animated adventure 3 Bahadur made her the first Pakistani to make a computer-animated feature-length film.  In 2017, Obaid-Chinoy became the first artist to co-chair the World Economic Forum .

A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness

About this movie
                               :- ‘A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness’ is a 2015’s documentary film by Sharmeen Obaid – Chinoy bout honor killings in Pakistan. The documentary follows the story of a nineteen – year – old girl, who survives an honor killing attempt by her Father and uncle. The protagonist has a solid stance on not forgiving her attackers; however, the public pressures her into forgiving. By doing that, the attackers are free and can return home. The regime of honor is unforgiving: women on whom suspicion has fallen are not given an opportunity to defend themselves, and family members have no socially acceptable alternative but by attacking the woman.

Arvind Adiga
                     

                     :- Aravind Adiga was born in Madras (now Chennai ) on 23 October 1974 to Dr. K. Madhava Adiga and Usha Adiga, both of whom hailed from Mangalore . His paternal grandfather was the late K. Suryanarayana Adiga , former chairman of Karnataka Bank , and a maternal great-grandfather, U. Rama Rao , a popular medical practitioner and Congress politician from Madras.
Adiga grew up in Mangalore and studied at Canara High School , then at St. Aloysius College , where he completed his SSLC in 1990 and secured the first place in his state in SSLC (his elder brother, Anand, had placed second in SSLC and first in PUC in the state).
After emigrating to Sydney , Australia, with his family, Aravind studied at James Ruse Agricultural High School . He later studied English literature at
Columbia College of Columbia University , in New York city, under Simon Schama and graduated as
salutatorian in 1997.  He also studied at
Magdalen College, Oxford , where one of his tutors was Hermione Lee .

The wite Tiger
                         :- Balram Halwai narrates his life in a letter, written in seven consecutive nights and addressed to the
Chinese Premier , Wen Jiabao . In his letter, Balram explains how he, the son of a rickshaw puller, escaped a life of servitude to become a successful businessman, describing himself as an entrepreneur.
Balram was born in the rural village of Laxmangarh , where he lived with his grandmother, parents, brother and extended family. He is a smart child but is forced to leave school in order to help pay for his cousin's

dowry and begins to work in a teashop with his brother in Dhanbad. While working there he begins to learn about India's government and economy from the customers' conversations. Balram describes himself as a bad servant but a good listener and decides to become a driver.
After learning how to drive, Balram finds a job driving Ashok, the son of one of Laxmangarh's landlords. He takes over the job of the main driver, from a small car to a heavy-luxury described Honda City. He stops sending money back to his family and disrespects his grandmother during a trip back to his village. Balram moves to New Delhi with Ashok and his wife Pinky Madam. Throughout their time in Delhi, Balram is exposed to extensive corruption, especially in the government. In Delhi, the contrast between the poor and the wealthy is made even more evident by their proximity to one another.
One night Pinky Madam takes the wheel from Balram, while drunk, hits something in the road and drives away; we are left to assume that she has killed a child. Ashok's family puts pressure on Balram to confess that he had been driving alone. Ashok becomes increasingly involved in bribing government officials for the benefit of the family coal business. Balram then decides that killing Ashok will be the only way to escape India's Rooster Coop . After bludgeoning Ashok with a bottle and stealing a large bribe, Balram moves to Bangalore , where he bribes the police in order to help start his own taxi business. Interestingly, Ashok too is portrayed to be trapped in the metaphorical Rooster Coop: his family controls what he does and society dictates how he acts. Just like Ashok, Balram pays off a family whose son one of his taxi drivers hit and killed. Balram explains that his own family was almost certainly killed by Ashok's relatives as retribution for his murder. At the end of the novel, Balram rationalizes his actions and considers that his freedom is worth the lives of his family and of Ashok. And thus ends the letter to Jiabao, letting the reader think of the dark humour of the tale, as well as the idea of life as a trap introduced by the writer.

                     Here we see that sharmeen and Arvind Adiga both the try to put their Nations darker side to the world by their work but we find that the white world or the Supremacy world always like that type of thing that the Asian countries Dark Side whenever present they feel very good thing and they always try to appreciate this type of literature your movie and other also more stop that type of literary work I get success in their awards and other ceremonies we can find that the our writers which there describe our darker side then they get price but whenever they present our Nation's Goodside that work cannot notice bye white world.
              The second thing was that if they are portrayed our writers or movie makers presenting our culture or our Nation's darker side to the world for the give a message that how the Nations are so narrowness and  daker we can see it but it's give a wrong message to the world .
                   It is harmful for our Nations progress or its restriction for our economic growth and it's give an image that the Asian countries are very poor and the. Prove by our writers and movie makers that's why sometime our governments try to stop that type of movies and literary work to publish which describe our Nation's as a bed that right to bend this thing.
                  At the end we can say that the Portrait of nation as a bad or bad side of the culture it is good thing or it is our freedom of speech we can use it but we can also see that which where we live we have to respect our Nation and our Nation's culture and we have to do both the thing but I'm committed that not harmful for our Nations reputation also we have to see this

5

Paper no 5 . romantiv li. from Goswami Mahirpari

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Oliver twist paper no 6 from Goswami Mahirpari